In this question, we will examine space/time optimizations for page tables. The following list provides parameters of a virtual memory system.
Virtual address (bits): 43
Physical memory installed: 16GB
Page size: 4KiB
PTE size (byte): 4
a. For a single-level page table, how many page table entries (PTEs) are needed? How much physical memory is needed for storing the page table?
b. Using a multilevel page table can reduce the physical memory consumption of page tables, by only keeping active PTEs in physical memory. How many levels of page tables will be needed in this case? And how many memory references are needed for address translation if missing in TLB?
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