What is the research hypothesis?

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1. Researchers hypothesize that participants in the study will respond less to odors when they are sleeping at stages 3 or 4.
2. The stage of sleep is an independent variable.
3. It is qualitative because the independent variable involves categorical differences between sleep stages.
4. Researchers may want to include multiple dependent variables in order to make sure that results aren’t due to chance, or a single measure. Using more dependent variables will allow for a better and more accurate evaluation of the effect of the independent factor.
5. This study has limitations, including the fact that heart rate may not always be a reliable indicator for odor recognition. There are many factors that can influence heart rate, including physical movement during sleep and the participant’s emotional state. In addition, the study may not account for individual variations in heart response.