Research involves taking a number of steps to collect information or data about a specific topic. In general, the research process follows a systematic method and involves these steps:
- Research question or issue
- Review the existing literature to see what’s been done and where there are gaps.
- Design and develop a method for collecting and analysing data
- Select a methodology and collect data.
- The results are interpreted and conclusions drawn
- Communication of results and conclusions with relevant stakeholders
This step, the literature review is essential to understand the research that has already been done on a topic. It also helps identify any gaps in the knowledge or other areas where further study may be needed. Researchers can build upon existing knowledge by using the literature review and avoid duplicate research.
In the course of research, it is also crucial to consider ethical issues when collecting data. Researchers need to ensure the privacy and rights of their participants, as well as that they are informed, consented, and minimize any associated risks.
The statistical analysis helps to determine the validity of the collected data and draw conclusions regarding the research question. Statistics can be used to identify variables and determine whether the results are due to random chance. The findings of statistical analysis help researchers to understand their significance and reach conclusions on the research questions. It is crucial to conduct the statistical analysis correctly and interpret the results.