Part I: Independent Samples Test
It is hypothesized that women who work will experience less depression compared with those who do not.
- According to the Polit2SetC dataset 773 of these women had jobs and 299 did not.
- Sample size total is 1072.
- The average (SD) CESD scores of the employed groups is 16,18 (11.53), and the non-employed groups is 19,80 (11.63).
- The Levene’s statistic is 11.161, and the p-value is .001, indicating that the assumption of homogeneity of variance is violated. The assumption of equal variances is false.
- The t-statistic is -4.222 with 1070 degrees of freedom and the p-value is < .001.
- Data supports the hypothesis, that women working experience a lesser level of depression compared to women not working.
Part II: Paired Samples t-test
It is hypothesized that women reporting depression in Wave 1 and Wave 2 did not differ significantly in depression level.
- Total sample size: 1144
- At wave 1, the mean (SD), CES-D score is 16.12 (11.55), and at Wave 2, it is 14.51 (11.21).
- The average difference in time between two periods is 1,61.
- The t-statistic is 3.999 with 1143 degrees of freedom and the p-value is < .001.
- There is no evidence to support the idea that depression levels are not significantly different between waves 1 and 2.
Tests of independent samples for the three outcomes
CES-D Score is a variable that represents the outcome. The other variables include SF12, SF12 Physical Health Component Score and SF12 Mental Health Component Score.
Hypothesis: Women without a diploma, GED, or high school certificate will have lower CESD scores, mental and physical health scores, than women who do.