The immune systems is composed of many cells, tissues and organs. They work together in order to defend against foreign pathogens, including bacteria, viruses and others. Two main immune components are the innate and adaptive immune systems.
The innate immunity system, which is the first line against infection, includes a variety of immune cells, including skin, mucous membranes and other physical barriers. These immune cells can identify and destroy pathogens. The adaptive immunity system is a specialized immune system which can eliminate specific pathogens.
Diagnoses can be made using diagnostic tests to determine the presence or absence of pathogens in the body. Diagnostic tests include blood tests and imaging tests as well as microbiological testing.
A blood test can be used to detect antibodies, or markers that may indicate an infection. Imaging tests such as X rays and CT scans use the latest technology to view the inside of the human body. Microbiological testing, including cultures and PCR, is used to diagnose and identify infections that are caused by bacteria or viruses.
The severity and cause of an infection or other condition will determine the treatment. Certain treatments such as antiviral and antibiotic medications are targeted specifically at the pathogen that is causing an infection. In cases such as autoimmune disease or in transplant recipients, immunosuppressants can be used to lower the activity of your immune system. Supportive therapies such as rest and fluids can also be employed to aid the body in fighting off infection.
The immune system, in summary, is a network of complex cells that protects against foreign invaders. Diagnostic tests can be used to identify pathogens and abnormalities. Treatments for infection and other diseases vary according to the severity and cause of the condition.
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