Construct a table in which you use the PEN-3 Model as your framework to identify cultural influences on health that you must consider in addressing prevention and management of the outbreak among your chosen population. 

Please see the attached Module 3 Case.

Table Model for Preventing and managing Outbreak in Haitian immigrant population

Domain PEN-3

Positive

Negative

Existential

Haitian Culture values family support and community. This emphasizes that traditional healers are needed and spiritual forces which can cause diseases. A fear and distrust of Western medicine, vaccines and healthcare due to previous experiences with medical experiments and lack of cultural competency among healthcare providers. N: Stigma associated with vaccination hesitation and infectious disease in the community.

Relationships P. The community places a high value on trust and respect when it comes to relationships with health care providers. Communication can be hindered by language barriers or a lack of cultural understanding among healthcare professionals. N: Cultural norms concerning privacy, and unwillingness to talk about personal health concerns with strangers may hinder attempts to control an outbreak.

Cultural Empowerment (P): There is a sense of community pride and a deep connection to their cultural heritage. Feelings of marginalization and powerlessness can be caused by discrimination and limited access to health care services. Lack of leadership and representation in the healthcare system can cause disempowerment.

References:

Hurtado-de-Mendoza, A., Carrillo, I., & Ngai, S. P. (2021). Vaccine hesitation in minorities in the United States: An overview of interventions that are effective for improving. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities. 8(1). 1-14.

Kirkpatrick, A. W., & Alvarado, M. (2018). Health of Haitian Immigrants M. Loue, ed.In M. Loue (Ed. ), Handbook on immigrant health, pp. 171-182). Springer.

Level 1 research question: Which cultural factors are associated with the outbreak of vaccine-preventable diseases among Haitian immigrants?

What is the level 2 research question? How can healthcare providers address vaccine hesitancy among Haitian immigrants and increase vaccination compliance with them?