1. A brief overview of Nightingale theory  2. Explanation of how Nightingale theory incorporates the four metaparadigm concepts. 3. Explain at least three specific ways in which Nightingale theory could be used to improve nursing practice. Elaborate, explain, or defend each point mentioned. 4. Provide current reliable sources to establish credibility for the presentation.

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1. Florence Nightingale, widely regarded as the founding mother of modern nursing and nursing theory, emphasized environmental factors’ importance in patient care. Nightingale believed that the environment played a crucial role in the patient’s recovery and the role of the nurse was to create a clean and healthy environment that would promote healing. Her theory focused on the patient’s environment, including factors such as light, ventilation, cleanliness, noise, and diet, and how these factors can affect the patient’s health outcomes.
2. Nightingale’s theory integrates four metaparadigms of nursing: person, nursing, health, and the environment. Nightingale believes that the person is an incredibly complex entity influenced and affected by his or her environment. The absence of illness is only one aspect of health. It also includes a sense of mental, physical and social wellbeing. The environment is a crucial factor in the patient’s recovery, and nursing is a collaborative process that involves the nurse, patient, and environment.
3. Nightingale’s theory can be applied to nursing in a variety of ways. Nurses can first reduce the chance of infection by providing a safe and clean environment to the patient. This will also promote healing. Second, nurses are able to educate and equip patients with resources that will help them maintain a healthy atmosphere. Lastly, Nightingale’s theory emphasizes the importance of collaboration between the nurse, patient, and environment, and this can be used to improve communication and coordination in the healthcare team.
4. For example, peer-reviewed journals articles, books or reputable websites, like those of government agencies and professional nursing organisations, could be used to demonstrate credibility. Examples include “Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory” published in the Journal of Holistic Nursing and the American Nurses Association’s website, which provides resources on nursing theories and their applications.